15 executed on drug charges in Iran Since Monday, April 23, 15 people have been executed at the Shahroud, Rejaishahr and Evin prisons in Iran. The Human Rights Activists News Agency (HRANA) reports that on April 25, 5 people convicted of drug charges were executed at Shahroud Prison. 4 of the convicts were Afghan nationals and they were charged with “storing large amounts of drugs.” Their applications for pardon were processed in 2 stages and denied by the Pardons Commission. On Tuesday, April 24, the website for the Human Rights and Democracy Activists of Iran reported the mass execution of 8 prisoners at Rejaishahr Prison in Karaj. One of the prisoners hanged in Karaj was also an Afghan national. On April 24, another 2 prisoners, who had been transferred from Ghezel Hessar Prison to solitary confinement at Evin, were hanged at Evin. In an earlier report, human rights activists said 9 prisoners convicted of drug charges were executed in Shiraz, Marvsadht, Semnan and Zanjan between April 15 and 20. Ahmad Shaheed, the special UN rapporteur on human rights in Iran, has expressed concern over the growing number of executions in Iran since 2003. In his report, he indicated there had been more than 400 executions in Iran in 2011 and he mentioned the possibility of unannounced executions. About 81 % of the death penalties are reportedly for drug charges. According to Amnesty International, Iran has the 2nd-highest rate of executions in the world, surpassed only by China. (source: Radio Zamaneh)
Ghana urged to meet international prison standards----Ghana's prisons are rundown, overcrowded and in need of urgent reform Ghana's prisons are rundown, overcrowded and in need of urgent reform with prisoners facing conditions which do not meet international standards, Amnesty International said today in a new report "Prisoners are bottom of the pile": Human rights of inmates in Ghana. Based on research carried out by Amnesty International in 2011, the report documents the problems of overcrowding, inadequate infrastructure and sanitation, insufficient food and health problems in prisons in Ghana. Prison overcrowding is acute in some prisons and requires urgent attention by the government. Approximately 3,000 inmates are awaiting trial and have not been convicted of a crime. "It is unacceptable to lock up prisoners for 12 hours a day, 365 days a year in cells intended to hold a 1/2, 1/3 or 1/4 of the numbers actually squeezed into dark, poorly ventilated and unhygienic spaces," said James Welsh, Amnesty International’s researcher on health and detention. While some prisoners have beds, others are forced to sleep on the floor. In some particularly crowded cells, prisoners showed Amnesty International how they sleep on their sides, in lines, covering the entire floor space. Hygiene is compromised by the crowding and poor sanitation. One remand prisoner told Amnesty International: "Our cell – the place where we sleep -- is where we urinate and go to the toilet. You don’t get any privacy. You have to use the bucket.” Prisoners complained of health problems such as skin diseases and the difficulties of obtaining prompt treatment from the infirmaries which were overloaded and under-equipped. Both staff and prisoners complained about the inadequate budget for food for prisoners. "The recent government decision to increase spending on food for prisoners – from 0.60 to 1.80 cedi per day per prisoner – is a welcome step, but more measures to improve standards are needed," said James Welsh. Prisoners under sentence of death are held in separate accommodation within a small number of prisons. For male prisoners, accommodation is overcrowded and activities are not permitted, while the 4 women held under sentence of death complained of isolation as they are not allowed to mix with other inmates. The current constitutional review process gives the government an opportunity to end the death penalty and to rationalize the situation of the 138 prisoners currently under sentence of death. "To bring prisons into line with Ghana's treaty obligations will require political commitment and action by the government – it is urgently needed," said James Welsh. “Overcrowding could be reduced by wider use of non-custodial sentences such as fines and community service though fines must be set at realistic levels. The transfer of prisoners to the new Ankaful prison will reduce, but not end, overcrowding." One key goal of prison is rehabilitation – a process ensuring that prisoners return to society as reformed citizens. "There are training schemes within the prison system but these are undercut by the poor conditions, the limited range of activities for prisoners and the shortage of resources," said James Welsh. A key to prison reform is regular monitoring and accountability. It is important that prisoners are able to talk to independent agencies and regulators -- lawyers, diplomats, human rights monitors -- and break out of the isolation in which they are kept. Some prisoners told Amnesty International that they had never spoken to anyone without guards being present. "Both prison staff and prisoners would benefit in the long run from greater openness," said James Welsh. "The Prisons Service was very helpful in facilitating Amnesty International's research," said Lawrence Amesu, director of Amnesty International Ghana and one of the report authors. "We believe that this cooperative spirit will offer a basis for continuing dialogue on human rights in prisons." (source: Amnesty International)
Arizona executes 3rd inmate this year Thomas Kemp was put to death in Florence Wednesday morning for murdering a Tucson man in 1992 and dumping his naked body at a ghost-town mine near Marana. Kemp was defiant to the end. "I regret nothing," he said as his last words. Then he trembled as the drugs coursed through his veins, took some deep breaths and went still. Kemp, 63, was sentenced to death for the July 1992 murder of Hector Juarez. Kemp was an ex-convict working as a maintenance man at a trailer park in Tucson, where he lived with his mother. When a former prisonmate named Jeffrey Logan escaped from an honor farm in California, he and Kemp teamed up, bought a gun and went cruising for a victim. They found Juarez, 25, a college student who had left his apartment to get a late-night snack at a fast-food restaurant. Kemp and Logan seized him in the parking lot outside his apartment, made him withdraw money from an ATM, stripped him naked and shot him twice in the head. Then they dumped his body near the Silverbell Mine in Marana, northwest of Tucson. Kemp and Logan drove to Flagstaff and sold Kemp's truck, then carjacked a couple and forced them to drive to Durango, Colo. where Kemp sexually assaulted the man. The couple escaped and contacted police in Kansas. Logan was arrested in Denver and led Tucson police to Juarez's body in the desert. Kemp was arrested in a homeless shelter in Tucson. While in jail in Pima County, Kemp effectively confessed to killing Juarez when he told two corrections officers that he was afraid of being housed with Mexican prisoners because he had killed a Mexican. Kemp was convicted of first-degree murder, armed robbery and kidnapping in June 1993. At his sentencing a month later, Kemp told the court that Juarez was "beneath my contempt" because he was not an American citizen, and, "If more of them wound up dead, the rest of them would soon learn to stay in Mexico, where they belong." Logan received a sentence of life in prison, which he is serving in Arizona under a different name. (source: Arizona Republic)
Arizona executes 3rd inmate this year Arizona on Wednesday executed a death-row inmate convicted of killing a Tucson college student after robbing him of $200 -- the third execution in the state this year. Thomas Arnold Kemp, 63, was given a lethal injection at the state prison in Florence as he lay strapped to a table in the death chamber. His time of death was 10:08 a.m. The death puts Arizona on pace to match its busiest year for executions and makes it one of the busiest death-penalty states in the nation. Kemp was sentenced to death for kidnapping Hector Soto Juarez from outside Juarez's Tucson home on July 11, 1992, and robbing him before taking him into the desert near Marana, forcing him to undress and shooting him twice in the head. Juarez, 25, had just left his apartment and fiancDee to get food when Kemp and Jeffery Logan spotted him. They held him at gunpoint and used his debit card to withdraw $200 before driving him to the Silverbell Mine area, where Kemp killed Juarez. The 2 men then went to Flagstaff, where they kidnapped a married couple traveling from California to Kansas and made them drive to Durango, Colo., where Kemp raped the man in a hotel room. Later, Kemp and Logan forced the couple to drive to Denver, where the couple escaped. Logan soon after separated from Kemp and called police about Juarez's murder. Logan led police to Juarez's body, and Kemp was arrested. Logan was later sentenced to life in prison. Kemp has argued that his conviction was unfair because then-prosecutor Kenneth Peasley repeatedly told jurors that Kemp's homosexuality was behind Juarez's kidnapping and murder, and that the jury hadn't been properly vetted for their feelings about gay men. Outside of wishing he had killed Logan when he had the chance, Kemp said at his sentencing that he had no regrets. ``I don't show any mercy, and I am certainly not here to plead for mercy,'' he said at the sentencing, a time when most defendants convicted of 1st-degree murder argue that they should be spared the death penalty. ``The so-called victim was not an American citizen and, therefore, was beneath my contempt,'' Kemp said and then referred to Juarez using a racial slur. ``If more of them ended up dead, the rest of them would soon learn to stay in Mexico where they belong.'' Kemp did not respond to a recent letter from The Associated Press asking whether he feels the same way after nearly 20 years on death row. In a rare move, Kemp also declined to seek mercy from Arizona's clemency board, often an inmate's last chance to argue why they don't deserve to be killed. In a letter written March 29, Kemp said such a hearing ``provides public humiliation of the prisoner without any chance that the board might actually recommend a commutation.'' The letter was provided to the AP through Kemp's Tucson attorney, Tim Gabrielsen. ``In light of the board's history of consistently denying requests for commutations, my impression is that a hearing in my case would be nothing short of a dog and pony show,'' Kemp wrote. Kemp's execution was the 3rd in the state this year. Arizona executed Robert Henry Moormann on Feb. 29 and Robert Charles Towery on March 8. Another inmate, Samuel Villegas Lopez, is scheduled to be executed on May 16 for the brutal rape and murder of a Phoenix woman. 3 other inmates who are near the end of their appeals also could be put to death this year, putting the state on pace to execute 7 men in 2012. Arizona established its death penalty in 1910. Since then, the most inmates Arizona has executed in a given year was 7 in 1999. Texas leads the nation in executions just about every year, and last year put 13 inmates to death. So far this year, Texas has executed 4 men -- the most of the 7 states that have executed inmates in 2012. Executions nationwide have decreased steadily since they hit an all-time high of 98 executions in 1999 and have averaged 44 a year since 2007, according to the Death Penalty Information Center. In the last 5 years, 4 states have repealed the death penalty -- New Mexico, Illinois, New Jersey and New York. Governors in those states cited cases of innocent people being executed, and said the system was expensive and ineffective at deterring murder. On Monday, a measure to abolish capital punishment in California qualified for the November ballot, allowing voters there to decide whether to replace the death penalty with life in prison without the possibility of parole. Kemp becomes the 3rd condemned inmate to be put to death this year in Arizona and the 31st overall since the state resumed capital punishment in 1992. Kemp becomes the 16th condemned inmate to be put to death this year in the USA and the 1293rd overall since the nation resumed executions on January 17, 1977. (sources: Associated Press & Rick Halperin)
Poll: Conn. voters oppose death penalty repeal A new poll shows a majority of Connecticut voters disapprove of how the General Assembly has handled the death penalty, voting to abolish capital punishment for future crimes. The survey, released Wednesday by Quinnipiac University, shows 51 % of registered voters disapprove of the legislature's handling of the issue, compared to 29 % who approve. The same poll shows 62 % of voters favor the death penalty for those convicted of murder. However, they are evenly split when asked whether they prefer punishing murderers with the death penalty or life in prison with no chance of parole. Gov. Dannel P. Malloy is expected to soon sign the repeal legislation into law. The survey of 1,745 voters has a margin of sampling error of plus or minus 2.4 % points. (source: The Register-Mail)
California Death Penalty Ban: Residents To Vote On Controversial Ban In November A measure to abolish California's death penalty qualified for the November ballot on Monday. If it passes, the 725 California inmates now on Death Row will have their sentences converted to life in prison without the possibility of parole. It would also make life without parole the harshest penalty prosecutors can seek. Backers of the measure say abolishing the death penalty will save the state millions of dollars through layoffs of prosecutors and defense attorneys who handle death penalty cases, as well as savings from not having to maintain the nation's largest death row at San Quentin prison. Those savings, supporters argue, can be used to help unsolved crimes. If the measure passes, $100 million in purported savings from abolishing the death penalty would be used over three years to investigate unsolved murders and rapes. The measure is dubbed the "Savings, Accountability, and Full Enforcement for California Act," also known as the SAFE California Act. It's the 5th measure to qualify for the November ballot, the California secretary of state announced Monday. Supporters collected more than the 504,760 valid signatures needed to place the measure on the ballot. "Our system is broken, expensive and it always will carry the grave risk of a mistake," said Jeanne Woodford, the former warden of San Quentin who is now an anti-death penalty advocate and an official supporter of the measure. The measure will also require most inmates sentenced to life without parole to find jobs within prisons. Most death row inmates do not hold prison jobs for security reasons. Though California is one of 35 states that authorize the death penalty, the state hasn't put anyone to death since 2006. A federal judge that year halted executions until prison officials built a new death chamber at San Quentin Prison, developed new lethal injection protocols and made other improvements to delivering the lethal three-drug combination. A separate state lawsuit is challenging the way the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation developed the new protocols. A judge in Marin County earlier this year ordered the CDCR to redraft its lethal injection protocols, further delaying executions. Since California reinstated the death penalty in 1978, the state has executed 13 inmates. A 2009 study conducted by a senior federal judge and law school professor concluded that the state was spending about $184 million a year to maintain death row and the death penalty system. Supporters of the proposition, such as the American Civil Liberties Union, are portraying it as a cost-savings measure in a time of political austerity. They count several prominent conservatives and prosecutors – including the author of the 1978 measure adopting the death penalty – as supporters and argue that too few executions have been carried out at too great a cost. "My conclusion is that he law is totally ineffective," said Gil Garcetti, a former Los Angeles county district attorney. "Most inmates are going to die of natural causes, not executions." Garcetti, who served as district attorney from 1992 to 2000, said he changed his mind after publication of the 2009 study, which was published by Judge Arthur Alarcon of the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals and law professor Paula Mitchell. Opponents of the measure, such as former Sacramento U.S Attorney McGregor Scott, argue that lawyers filing "frivolous appeals" are the problem, not the death penalty law. "On behalf of crime victims and their loved ones who have suffered at the hands of California's most violent criminals, we are disappointed that the ACLU and their allies would seek to score political points in their continued efforts to override the will of the people and repeal the death penalty," said Scott, who is chairman of the Californians for Justice and Public Safety, a coalition of law enforcement officials, crime victims and others formed to oppose the measure. The Criminal Justice Legal Foundation, meanwhile, remains one the biggest backers of the death penalty in the state and opposes the latest attempt to abolish it in California. The foundation and its supports argue that federal judges are gumming up the process with endless delays and reversals of state Supreme Court rulings upholding individual death sentences. The foundation on Thursday filed a lawsuit seeking the immediate resumption of executions in California. The foundation's lawsuit, filed directly with the state Court of Appeal, argues that since the three-drug method has been the subject of so much litigation – and the source of the execution delays – a one-drug method of lethal injection like Ohio uses can be substituted immediately. (source: Paul Elias, Huffingtno Post)
Crime victims assail death penalty repeal initiative The newly minted ballot measure to repeal the death penalty came under attack at the Capitol on Tuesday, as law enforcement and crime victims groups assailed the initiative as an assault on the public. Gov. Jerry Brown, who opposes capital punishment but has enforced it while in office, said he is happy that the repeal will be on the ballot in November. "Just like I think it's a good thing that people get a chance to vote on taxes," Brown said earlier Tuesday in San Jose. "Death and taxes are things we can't avoid, so it's good that people get to weigh in occasionally." A few hours later, speakers at a Crime Victims United rally on the Capitol's west steps took turns blasting the initiative. "Don't let people tell you life without parole is just as good as the death penalty," said Nina Salarno Ashford, who sits on the board of the nonprofit victims advocacy group. Assemblyman Jim Nielsen, R-Gerber, declared, "This initiative spits in the eye of justice. We must defeat it." It was red meat for the rally, which assembles every year to remember murdered friends and family and press for victims' rights. The group had invited Brown to speak, even though he vetoed a bill to restore California's death penalty during his inaugural term in 1977. The Legislature overrode the veto. As attorney general, Brown backed capital punishment cases. During his 2010 campaign, he promised to uphold the law. That won't change, he promised the victims rights group. "I will carry out the law," he said, "without fear or failure and with fidelity to the will of the people." Crime Victims United, backed by the California Correctional Peace Officers Association, also opposes a program Brown launched in October that is shrinking the state's prison population by sentencing more convicts to local jails. The group contends the policy merely shifts overcrowding and costs from the state to local governments, which are more likely to release prisoners early – and put the public at risk. Brown wants to put a tax measure on the November ballot that would guarantee money for local jails. The governor didn't take on the critics directly. Instead, he called for the hundreds assembled at the event to take a wider view. Administrations come and go, Brown said, leaving thousands of laws intended to curb crime on the books. Still, violent crime remains. "It is not our lot to totally overcome evil," the governor said in one of several biblically flavored references in his 5-minute speech, "but to not be overcome by it." (source: Sacramento Bee)
Death penalty foes oppose plea bargains for killers The SAFE folks, who are pushing a ballot measure to end California’s death penalty, had a conference call yesterday in which former L.A. D.A.s Gil Garcetti and John Van de Kamp participated. During the question period, I asked the former prosecutors what they thought the effect would be of eliminating the death penalty as leverage to attain plea bargains with murderers. Garcetti railed that using the death penalty to win a plea bargain would be “an unethical thing to do,” and L.A. would never do it. Van de Kamp agreed: “That is extortion,” he intoned, and “totally unethical.” (Yes, this is the same Van de Kamp who did not want to try Hillside Strangler Angelo Bueno, citing insufficient evidence to try.) The implication, a reporter who heard their answer later told me, was that iI watched too much TV. Death penalty foes also against plea bargains Today I chatted with the Criminal Justice Legal Foundation’s Michael Rushford who rattled off some information plea bargains which prosecutors made with murderers. John Gardner, a 31-year-old sex offender convicted of killing two teenage girls in San Diego County, was given three consecutive life sentences without parole after his victims’ families confronted him in court for his crimes. ABC reports: Gardner reached a plea deal last month that spared him a possible death penalty. He admitted to the rape and murders of Amber Dubois, 14, and 17-year-old Chelsea King. According to an anti-death penalty web site, the Department of Justice, 210 of 411 federal defendants facing capital murder charges “avoided trial by negotiated plea when the government dropped its request for the death penalty without a plea agreement, dismissed charges entirely or the judge barred the death penalty.” Facing 48 counts of aggravated murder, Green River Killer Gary Leon Ridgway cut a plea bargain that spared him the death penalty in 2003. To Garcetti and Van de Kamp, this deal may be tainted and unethical, but it put away Ridgway for life while saving taxpayers money and doing away with any risk of acquittal. Here’s a CJLF paper that reports, ”The average county with the death penalty disposes of 18.9 percent of of murder cases with a plea and a long sentence, compared to 5.0 percent in counties without the death penalty.” “When you plead out,” Rushford added, there are ”no trial, no appeals, no habeas corpus. There’s no 5 years waiting for an appeals attorney.” Think about that the next time you hear the eliminating the death penalty will save money. (source: San Francisco Chronicle)
Death penalty takes on life of its own It's a powerful commentary on his own career that the man who wrote California's death penalty law is now working hard to abolish it. "In retrospect, it was the worst thing I've ever done in my career," said Donald Heller, a noted criminal defense lawyer, former federal prosecutor and the author of a 1978 death penalty initiative that put California back in the execution business. With a death penalty repeal headed for the November ballot, Heller – a Sacramento lawyer – will be a notable player in the death penalty debate. We need jobs in California, but we'll get six months of emotion over capital punishment instead. It will be all-death-all-the-time in the public discourse, especially as November draws near and passions become inflamed in a campaign whose key players, like Heller, are mostly from Sacramento. A lot of good people will be devoting serious energy to discussing the fate of bad people. Some regions do industry. Sacramento does laws and controversy. We dwell in discord every election season, but this one is going to be different. Who knows if California will repeal its death penalty law, but this prediction seems safe: Nothing good will come of this campaign. Prosecutors such as Sacramento County District Attorney Jan Scully have justifiable reasons for wanting to keep the death penalty in some cases. Some killers are more heinous than others. I covered such a case in 1996, when an adorable 8-year-old boy from Yuba City named Michael Lyons was kidnapped, tortured and murdered by Robert Boyd Rhoades. Some details of this case are simply unspeakable. Rhoades is on death row for killing Michael Lyons. His mother spoke at Tuesday's rally for crime victims at the Capitol. Heller says he is not standing up for Rhoades or many of the other 700 or so inmates on death row in California. Instead, those who seek to stop executions are arguing for cost savings. They say California wastes $137 million a year on appeals in death penalty cases. Heller said he was also horrified to see too many death penalty cases where the defendants had substandard lawyers arguing their cases. Poverty was a factor in the lives of too many death row killers, as was the overrepresentation of African American and Latino defendants. "It certainly causes people of intelligence to wonder about the possibility of executing an innocent person," Heller said. These arguments make sense and are especially poignant coming from the contrite man who feels remorse that his legal acumen made the penalty possible again in California. But this is also why we may dread the next six months. If you agree with Heller, you disagree with the mother of Michael Lyons. What a choice. (source: Marcos Breton, Sacramento Bee)
District attorneys protest measure that would end death penalty San Bernardino County District Attorney Michael Ramos was among fellow top prosecutors at the steps of the state Capitol on Tuesday voicing their opposition to a measure that aims to abolish California's death penalty. The California District Attorneys Association, of which Ramos is past president, is opposed to the SAFE California Act, a November ballot measure that would replace the death penalty with the punishment of life in prison without parole. The measure to abolish the death penalty official qualified for the November ballot on Monday. If voters approve, 725 death row inmates would have their sentences converted to the new punishment, which would be the harshest that prosecutors could seek. In Sacramento, Ramos marched with fellow district attorneys and victims' family members in support of Crime Victims Week, which began on Monday. Opponents say the measure removes justice for victims of death row prisoners. "It's a horrible idea and I think (supporters of the measure) are manipulating the facts," Ramos said. "Nobody sitting on California's death row has ever been proven innocent. These people brutally and horrifically murdered citizens of our county. We are careful about who we select for the death penalty and we don't make these decisions lightly ... I can tell you that the people sitting on death row are not only guilty, but they deserve the ultimate punishment." Supporters of the ballot measure say abolishing the death penalty will save the state millions of dollars through layoffs of prosecutors and defense attorneys who handle death penalty cases. "Our system is broken, expensive and it always will carry the grave risk of a mistake," said Jeanne Woodford, the former warden of San Quentin who is now an anti-death penalty advocate and an official supporter of the measure. If the death penalty were to end, it would affect Inland Empire cases. In 1986, Redlands was rocked when Corrina Novis, then 20, was murdered after she was abducted near the Redlands Mall on Nov. 7. Her body was found in a shallow grave in Fontana. Her killers, James Marlow and Cynthia Coffman are now on Death Row - Marlow at San Quentin State Prison and Coffman at Central California Women's Facility. Novis, a then-insurance clerk at State Farm, had stopped at Cho's Liquors at the corner of Colton Avenue and Orange Street before she was supposed to meet with friends at Gay 90s Pizza Parlor. Police said Marlow abducted Novis outside of the front entrance of the mall and forced her at gunpoint to withdraw money from her checking account. Marlow and Coffman then took Novis to a Fontana home where the 2 used coercion then sodomy to obtain her bank card number. The pair then took Novis to a vineyard in Fontana when they strangled her before burying her alive. Days later, the pair robbed and murdered Lynel Murrary, 19, in Huntington Beach on Nov. 12, 1986. The 2 were tried in 1987 together with separate attorneys present. 2 years later, Coffman and Marlow were convicted of 1st-degree murder, kidnapping for robbery, burglary and sodomy and sentenced to death. Chino Hills resident Mary Ann Hughes, the mother of a young murder victim, hopes the measure fails. "Some people commit such evil crimes, such as the person who killed my son, that the only way people can be free of people like that is through the death penalty," Hughes said. "That was the sentence they gave him, and for it to be changed now doesn't do justice to my son or to any of the other victims out there." Death row inmate Kevin Cooper was convicted in 1985 for the June 4, 1983, murders of Hughes, Douglas and Peggy Ryen and their 10-year-old daughter, Jessica. They were brutally slain with a hatchet and knife in the Ryens' home in Chino Hills. An execution date has yet to be set for Cooper or any other current California death row inmates because of concerns that the state's lethal injection method is inhumane, said John Kochis, current lead prosecutor on the Kevin Cooper case and chief deputy district attorney for San Bernardino County. "The reason that the death penalty is appropriate in Cooper's case is he did terrible things to an innocent family that didn't deserve to die, let alone die the way they died," Kochis said. "His conduct was so terrible that the appropriate punishment for his conduct is the death penalty." Since California reinstated the death penalty in 1978, the state has executed 13 inmates. A 2009 study conducted by a senior federal judge and law school professor concluded that the state was spending about $184 million a year to maintain its death row and the death penalty system. The "Savings, Accountability, and Full Enforcement for California Act" is the 5th measure to qualify for the November ballot, the secretary of state announced Monday. Supporters collected more than the 504,760 valid signatures needed to place the measure on the ballot. If the measure passes, $100 million in purported savings from abolishing the death penalty would be used over three years to investigate unsolved murders and rapes. (source: San Bernardino Sun)
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